Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815–1902) Elizabeth was a suffragist, social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the Seneca Falls Convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, NY, is often credited with initiating the first organized women's rights and women's suffrage movements in the US. Stanton was President of the National American Woman Suffrage Association from 1890 until 1892. Before Stanton narrowed her political focus almost exclusively to women's rights, she was an active abolitionist with her husband Henry Brewster Stanton (co-founder of the Republican Party) and cousin Gerrit Smith. Unlike many of those involved in the women's rights movement, Stanton addressed various issues pertaining to women beyond voting rights. Her concerns included women's parental and custody rights, property rights, employment and income rights, divorce, the economic health of the family, and birth control. After the Civil War, Stanton's commitment to suffrage caused a schism in the women's rights movement when she, together with Susan B. Anthony, declined to support passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the US Constitution. She opposed giving added legal protection and voting rights to African American men while women, black and white, were denied those same rights. Her position on this issue led to the formation of two separate women's rights organizations that were finally rejoined, with Stanton as president of the joint organization, about twenty years after her break from the original women's suffrage movement. Woodlawn Cemetery Lake Section, Lot 48 4199 Webster Avenue, Bronx, NY 10470 Bronx County Learn More

Ruth Campbell Clement Litt (1867–1937) Ruth was a suffragist and advocate for women's rights. Widowed young, she became a successful farmer in rural Suffolk County and put her energy into promoting business opportunities for women. Ruth became a member of the New York State Republican Committee and served as chairperson of the GOP in Suffolk County. In 1924, she was denied an opportunity to represent her area in the Republican National Convention. Ruth responded by setting off on a worldwide tour supporting business opportunities for women. In 1929, Ruth was an organizer of the Open Door International. This organization was dedicated to having women viewed equally to men in industry. Woodlawn Cemetery ​ 501 East 233rd Street, Bronx, NY 10470 Bronx County Learn More

Bessie Hershey DeVault (1890–1989) As a young woman, Bessie was a participant in Ontario County suffrage activities. In 1917, it is stated that Bessie chaired the suffrage committee of the Ontario County Women's Clubs and served alongside her stepmother, Elizabeth Hershey. Gorham Cemetery ​ Route 245, Gorham, NY 14561 Ontario County Learn More

Katherine Sophie Dreier (1877–1952) "Kate", as she was called, was best known as an artist who supported other artists and a social reformer. Born in Brooklyn, NY to well-off German immigrant parents, Kate was afforded many opportunities; her parents were active in supporting their community and expected the same from their children. As a young woman, Kate worked with her mother who founded the German House for Recreation of Women and Children. She served as treasurer for nine years. As an adult Kate was an active suffragist. She was a member of the International Woman Suffrage Alliance, attending their 1909 convention in Stockholm, Sweden. In 1910, Kate founded and directed the Manhattan Trade School to train young women to enter the manual trades. In 1915, she headed the German American Committee of Woman Suffrage in New York City. While in declining health, Kate continued to write and lecture during the last ten years of her life. Green-Wood Cemetery Section 167, Lot 17004 500 25th St, Brooklyn, NY 11232 Kings County Learn More

Ella Boole (1858–1952) Her obituary reads “World Leader of WCTU dies at 92." Ella was an American temperance leader and social reformer. She served as head of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union from 1931 to 1947, after serving as head of the United States' National WCTU. Following the enfranchisement of women in the United States, Ella decided to run for office herself. In 1920, she unsuccessfully challenged James Wolcott Wadsworth Jr. for the Republican Party nomination for the United States Senate. After losing the nomination, she ran as a candidate for the Prohibition Party against Wadsworth and the Democratic and Socialist Party candidates in the general election. Wadsworth won easily with 52% of the vote, while Boole came in third place with 7% of the vote, not far ahead of the Socialist candidate. Earlier in her life she had shown great skill as an organizer of new unions, and became vice-president of the New York state union in 1891. After the death of Ella's husband, she was able to support her family through an inheritance from her father and income from her speaking engagements and temperance activities. One of her key activities was in shifting WCTU work away from its emphasis on collecting petitions, and towards direct lobbying of legislators. Her other causes included supporting legislative changes to bring about social reform, including laws to protect the rights of women and children in industry, the establishment of separate courts and deputies for juvenile offenders, and woman suffrage. As President of the International WCTU, she promoted disarmament, the end of the international illicit drug trade, and supported international women's rights. Cypress Hills Cemetery ​ 833 Jamaica Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11208 Kings County Learn More

Fannie Ella Daisy Allen Story (1858–1932) Fannie served in many women's organizations: President of the New York City Federation of Women's Clubs, President of the New York State Federation of Women's Clubs, Vice President of the Washington Headquarters Association, a member of the Society of Colonial Dames of the State of New York, President of the Woman's Republican Club, and served as the Daughters of the American Revolution's (DAR) Ninth President General from 1913–1917. During her DAR presidency Fannie inaugurated a movement to organize members of the DAR for war work, advocating for universal military training and other progressive warm measures. As President of the State Federation of Women's Clubs in 1910, she sat on the Cooperating Suffrage Committee with suffrage supporters from many other organizations. Additionally, while Fannie presided over the Woman's Republican Club, the club declared for women's suffrage. *courtesy alexanderstreet.com Ferncliff Cemetery and Mausoleum Section M01, Sub Section NO, Site 28 280-284 Secor Road, Hartsdale, NY 10530-1201 Westchester County Learn More

Mary Rodman Pell (1810–1892) Mary was noted in the History of Women's Suffrage 1886-1885 as an Honorary Vice President (among many others) of the National Women's Rights Association in 1886. In the same volume, she is also noted as having provided valuable services in a passage regarding women voting illegally in 1871. New York Marble Cemetery Vault: 141 52–74 E 2nd Street, New York, NY 10003 New York County Learn More

Charlotte A. Bell (1875–1941) Charlotte was named as a delegate to the North Eastern Federation of Women's Clubs in 1904. At the first annual convention of the Empire State Federation of Women's Clubs in July 1909, she was elected vice president. Charlotte continued as both a member and officer of the organization for several years. She was chairman of the executive board in 1913, when the federation officially endorsed women's suffrage, asking all clubs to take an active role in the suffrage campaign that was occurring in New York State. Evergreens Cemetery ​ 1629 Bushwick Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11207 Kings County Learn More

Charlotte Strachan Baldridge (1850–1931) Along with the Geneva and Ontario County Political Equality Clubs, Charlotte was active in the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). Connections between the temperance and suffrage movements were common and the liquor industry feared women’s votes would hurt their business. For Charlotte and many of her peers who were already active within the community supporting issues like education, health care, and the arts, the right to vote was part of civic engagement. Charlotte was President of the Ontario County Political Equity Club. She advocated for tax-paying women to exercise the right of franchise in certain cases, which is documented in a letter to her on official stationery by Governor B. B. Odell. Glenwood Cemetery ​ 1000 Lochland Road, Geneva, NY 14456 Ontario County Learn More

Sarah Hull Hallock (1813–1886) Sarah was a Quaker and abolitionist who joined the Friends of Human Progress in the late 1840s. She was also a member of the Women's Loyal National League, the American Equal Rights association, and The National Woman Suffrage Association. In July 1869, Sarah attended the State suffrage convention held in Saratoga Springs to create a permanent organization for the State of New York. She was elected to the Advisory Counsel for the Third Judicial District from Milton, NY, serving alongside Susan B. Anthony. In 1884, Sarah served as secretary at the convention of residents of the Second Assembly District of Ulster County. At the convention, a resolution was passed to request the Senator and Assemblyman from the county to work for the Woman Suffrage bill. Friends Cemetery No. 1 (AKA Hicksite Cemetery, Friends Burial Ground) ​ Maple Avenue, Milton, NY 12547 Ulster County Learn More

Blanche Culbertson French (1870–1924) Blanche is best known for marrying a man against her father’s wishes even when she would be cut out of his considerable inheritance. Such an action was scandalous at the time and widely reported in the newspapers. Most women would have accepted the tenets of the will, but Blanche sued for her right to the inheritance and won a compromise settlement. Her fight for personal rights led to her advocacy for women’s rights. Blanche was President of the Equal Franchise League of New Rochelle, New York. Equal Franchise Societies were being formed in cities and states throughout the country. These societies were led by wealthy women who planned to use their influence and means to support women’s suffrage. She was also a member of the National Woman’s Suffrage Association. She attended the 1912 Westchester Women’s Suffrage Association and read a report from The Equal Franchise League of New Rochelle, New York. Sleepy Hollow Cemetery ​ 430 North Broadway, Sleepy Hollow, NY 10591 Westchester County Learn More

Margaret M. Fotheringham (1890–1949) On August 23, 1917, Margaret and five other women appeared at the White House bearing banners quoting President Woodrow Wilson. Within ten minutes of their protest, all the women were arrested for obstructing traffic. When they pleaded their case the judge pointed out that the president was “not the one to petition for justice.” The women were fined twenty-five dollars or thirty days at Occoquan Workhouse. Every woman refused to pay the fine. On September 4, 1917, during a parade for recently drafted soldiers of World War I, Margaret was again arrested, along with twelve other women. In a fashion similar to their earlier picketing at the White House, the women all sported controversial banners. This time the banners stated, “Mr. President, how long must women be denied a voice in the government that is conscripting their sons?” The punishment was more severe, and the women served sixty days at Occoquan Workhouse. During her confinement, Margaret and ten other women, claiming to be political prisoners, refused to work. As a result of her bold activism for women’s voting rights, Margaret lost her job in the Buffalo public schools. Rather than appearing before the school board to answer its charges, she accepted a position with the Red Cross. The Central Federated Labor Union of New York criticized the Buffalo school authorities for suspending Margaret, pointing out that the suspension violated the Clayton Act, whereby non-violent picketing was legal. (Courtesy alexanderstreet.com) Forest Lawn Cemetery Section: 27, Lot: 345-EM PT, Space: 7 1411 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14209 Erie County Learn More

Margaret Van Voorhis Smith (1877–1965) School teacher and librarian, Margaret was an active member of the The Victor Equal Suffrage Association founded October 4, 1913 at the home of Miss Mary L. Draper. Members held monthly meetings, had bake sales, marched in parades in Rochester and New York City, and went to county and state suffrage conventions. All of the known members were also members of the Victor Unity Club, nearly half went to the Universalist Church, and most were in their 40s and 50s when most active. If you know more about her, you can help us tell her story. Please use our Add a Suffragist form to submit your information. Boughton Hill Cemetery Old Ground, Section D, Row 5, lot 18, gr. 1 1518 NY-444, (County Road 3 and County Road 41) Victor, NY 14564 Ontario County Learn More

Margaret (Maggie) Cline Hill (1867–1932) Margaret (Maggie) Cline Hill attended the Women Right's Convention and was member of the Universalist Church and the vice president of the Ladies Aid group. Boughton Hill Cemetery Old Ground, Section B, Row 10, Lot 13, Grave 2 1518 NY-444, Victor, NY 14564 Ontario County Learn More

May Cooper Stewart (1864–1929) May was a lifelong resident of the Finger Lakes region. Little is known of her contributions to suffrage but she is mentioned in a publication by the Ontario County Historical Society. We do know that by the year 1900, May was a single parent raising two daughters. She taught in local schools and owned a home. It is easy to believe that she was a supporter of women's rights. If you know more about May, you can help us tell her story. Please use our Add a Suffragist form to submit your information. Woodlawn Cemetery ​ 130 North Pearl Street, Canandaigua, NY 14424 Ontario County Learn More

Maud Malone (1873–1951) Maud was an ardent believer in equal rights and is best known for her aggressive campaign tactics. In 1905, she organized the Harlem Equal Rights League. She believed in interrupting speakers by yelling “what about votes for women?” At one point, Maud was arrested and spent a night in jail for heckling President Woodrow Wilson during one of his speeches. She also advocated for provocative street corner speeches, which others rejected as inappropriate. Maud was a member of the Progressive Woman Suffrage Union, but resigned over their unwillingness to embrace members from all races, colors, or creeds. Maud Malone worked for the New York Public Library and was a founding member and spokesperson of the Library Employees' Union. Her ongoing advocacy for “equal pay for equal work” irritated the public library management, so they dismissed her from her job. Later in life she worked as librarian for the newspaper The Daily Worker. Calvary Cemetery ​ 49-02 Laurel Hill Boulevard, Woodside, NY 11377-7396 Queens County Learn More

Marion I. (Dot) Parkhurst (1885–1975) Born in Plattsburgh, NY, Marian Inman Parkhurst, always known as “Dot,” appears in the Clinton County Suffrage History in early 1914 as corresponding secretary of the Clinton County Equal Suffrage Club. Her role in the movement was, among other things, to provide articles for the Plattsburgh Daily Press. These articles attacked the anti-suffragists and drew attention to the writings of the famous Alice Duer Miller and included Miller’s piece on "Why women should not travel on trains." In October of the 1915, Dot marched as a star in the “living flag” during the suffragist parade in New York City. In December of 1915, she and longtime County suffrage supporter Helen Boomhower attended the annual convention of the New York State Women’s Suffrage Association. Dot went on to become the first female head of the Balance of Supply Division for the War Department in Washington. In 1918 she was involved with the Women’s Division of the Republican National Committee. In 1920 she toured abroad studying economic conditions of women and returned to become a Washington lobbyist for the Bill for Education and Child Labor. In 1924 she was President of the New York State Women’s Federated Clubs, Congressional secretary for the National Committee for a Department of Education, and Congressional secretary for the League of Women Voters. An admirer of Carrie Chapman Catt, Dot was known to quote one of Catt’s favorite slogans, “And I wouldn’t subscribe to that." Later Dot’s niece Bea remembered that shortly after World War I, she and Aunt Dot attended a Thanksgiving dinner at Catt’s New Rochelle home where many of the leading feminists were present. Catt later came to Plattsburgh to appoint her Marian ("Dot") as President of the Clinton County League of Women Voters. Riverside Cemetery ​ 30 Steltzer Road, Plattsburgh, NY 12901 Clinton County Learn More

Florence Mills Sheffer (1870–1929) Florence was Canadian born but took an active role in obtaining the vote for women during her years in New York State. In 1915, Florence was the first President of the Shortsville Equal Suffrage Club. In following years, she was a second vice leader of the Ontario County Woman Suffrage Association. Florence is noted as being naturalized in the 1920 US Census indicating that she was prepared to vote. If you know more about Florence, you can help us tell her story. Please use our Add a Suffragist form to submit your information. Brookside Cemetery Section A, Lot 90 18 Hebron Ave Shortsville, NY 14548 Ontario County Learn More

Eva Gillam Emmons (1853–1939) Born in Port Byron, NY, Eva was the mother of two biological children and one foster child. A founding member of the Pittsford Political Equality Club, she lived at 10 North Main Street where she and her husband ran a thriving greenhouse business. Eva exemplified the civic engagement that was a part of many suffragists’ lives. In addition to working to win women the right to vote, among other interests, Eva was also an active member of the Cheerful Workers of the King’s Daughters, an organization that supported homes for aging women and was founded on the principle of service to others. Its motto was “Look up, not down; Look forward, not back; Look out, not in; Lend a hand.” In addition Eva was a member of the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union, one of the first organizations of women devoted to social reform with a program that “linked the religious and the secular through concerted and far-reaching reform strategies based on applied Christianity.” Eva served as Treasurer. And she was involved in Pittsford Grange, which focused on the economic and political well-being of agricultural communities. In 1902 the Pittsford Grange No. 424 installed new officers, which included five women. The Grange was an unusual fraternal organization because it allowed women to be members and to hold office. (courtesy of www.townofpittsford.org/19thAcentennial) Pittsford Cemetery A 107 38 Washington Road, Pittsford, NY 14534 Monroe County Learn More

Emily DuBois Butterworth (1859–1937) Emily was an active member of the suffrage movement. She won a first prize for the best parade hat from the Women's Political Union in 1913 and served as the treasurer of the Co-operative Service League for Woman Suffrage in New York City. She was arrested with two dozen other suffragists of the National Woman's Party on November 10, 1917 during a picketing of the White House. Charged with obstructing traffic, the women were tried and convicted. When Emily, like the others, refused to pay the fine, she was sentenced to thirty days in the Occoquan Workhouse. The arrival of this group of prisoners on November 14 precipitated the infamous Night of Terror. According to Inez Haynes Irwin's account, Emily, for some capricious reason, was taken away from the rest, and placed in a part of the jail where there were only men. They told her that she was alone with the men, and that they could do what they pleased with her. Her Night of Terror was doubly terrifying with this menace hanging over her. No doubt in part due to this harassment as well as the poor conditions, Emily, along with two others in poor health, was released early. Emily was involved in civic work in addition to suffrage work. She was a member of the Woman's Municipal League, which was an organization involved in improving the city of New York as well as providing charity for the poor and less fortunate. Married to an Englishman, Henry Butterworth, the couple lived in Manhattan with her companion, Cora Weeks, who was also a member in the suffrage movement. (Courtesy alexanderstreet.com) Woodlawn Cemetery Elm Plot, Section 38 4199 Webster Avenue, Bronx, NY 10470 Bronx County Learn More