Janet Livingstone Fotheringham (1895–1935) A teacher of physical culture from Buffalo, NY, Janet was 26 years old when she traveled to Washington to participate in the 1917 suffrage protests at the White House. Her courageous participation in these historic protests earned her a place in suffrage history. Janet was among the second of three groups of protestors who marched from NWP headquarters across the street to the White House. A crowd formed at the scene, and police made no attempt to disperse them. The first group took their places at the upper gate without incident. However, as soon as the second group took their positions at the lower gate, the police immediately arrested both groups of suffrage protestors. When the third group emerged from NWP headquarters, the crowd applauded as the suffragists took their places. The police waited four minutes before arresting them on a charge of “violating an ordinance.” At the police station, all 16 were charged with “unlawful assembly.” In court on July 17 all 16 were found guilty of “obstructing traffic” and sentenced to 60 days at the Occoquan Workhouse, the federal prison in Lorton, Virginia. Family members visited the suffragists in prison and, shocked by their condition, appealed to President Woodrow Wilson. After serving three torturous days at the Occoquan Workhouse, the 16 suffragists—including Janet—were pardoned by the president and released. Forest Lawn Cemetery Section: 27, Lot: 394, Lot: E 1/2, Space: 5 1411 Delaware Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14209 Erie County Learn More

Isabel Howland (1859–1942) Isabel was born into a family active in the abolition and suffrage movements. By her early 20s she was corresponding secretary of the Association for the Advancement of Women and active with the New York State Woman Suffrage Association, and communicated with key people including Susan B. Anthony, Carrie Chapman Catt, William Lloyd Garrison, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Lucy Stone, Booker T. Washington, and Julia Ward Howe. In 1891 Isabel was a founding member of the Sherwood Equal Rights Association, (in what is now known as Aurora, rather than Sherwood NY) a chapter of the national Equal Rights Association. She helped to found the Sherwood Political Equality Club, a woman's suffrage group, which met in her parents' home. She served as treasurer of New York State Woman Suffrage Association’s important conventions, including the 1897 convention in Geneva, NY and the 1895 convention in Newburg, NY where the New York Times reported she was one of the “prominent” suffragists in attendance. In the 1910s Isabel served as an officer of NYSWSA during her Cornell University classmate Harriet May Mills’ tenure as president. Because of its importance, well after her passing, the entire hamlet where her family lived, known as the Sherwood Equal Rights Historic District, was placed on the National Register of Historic Places (in 2008). One of the parcels that has been restored is Opendore, Isabel's former estate. Howland Cemetery ​ 1180-1202 Sherwood Road, Aurora, NY 13026 Cayuga County Learn More

Lavinia R. Davis, MD (1862–1945) Lavinia graduated from Oberlin College, the oldest coeducational liberal arts college in the United States, in 1886. In 1896, she graduated from Syracuse University's College of Medicine as a physician. The following year, she established a general practice on Main Street in Oneida, NY, becoming the only female physician in the county. She practiced in Oneida for 47 years. Starting in 1891, Lavinia served as state superintendent of franchise for the New York Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). She addressed WCTU county and state conventions on suffrage and presented franchise reports. She was a charter member of the WCTU local union in Oneida, and in 1900 became president of the Oneida local suffrage club. The watchwords of the WCTU: Agitate—Educate—Legislate fittingly characterize the activities of Dr. Lavinia Davis. Dr. Lavinia spoke before a New York Senate committee in 1903 and 1904 in support of a legislative measure extending to female taxpayers of third-class cities the right to vote on questions of taxation. She participated on a legislative work committee for the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA). Dr. Lavinia expressed her reasons for supporting suffrage at state conventions. In 1905, she presented the motto for Oneida: "She who is called upon to people the world should be law-giver as well as life-giver." At the 1908 state convention, she announced that the WCTU and the state Woman Suffrage Association cooperated in bills before the legislature and "a full suffrage measure was introduced but lost though a most enthusiastic hearing was held, women attending from all parts of the state." Her response to roll call in 1915: "Women prepare children for the world, give them the power to help prepare the world for children." From 1891-1918, Dr. Lavinia "sent out hundreds of suffrage leaflets and appeals to the local unions every year." She established the Davis Loan Fund back at Oberlin College in 1923. The fund provided loans to deserving young women. In 1931, a Suffrage Memorial Tablet was placed in the State Capitol Building, Albany, NY by the NY League of Women Voters. It honored eighty-four NY women who had labored to gain woman suffrage. The list of names included Lavinia R. Davis. (Courtesy AlexanderStreet.com) Evergreen Cemetery ​ 9364-9374 County Route 2, Orwell, NY 13144 Oswego County Learn More

Betty Friedan (1921–2006) Dubbed the “mother” of the modern women’s movement, Betty Friedan was an American feminist writer, activist, and complicated force to be reckoned with. A leading figure in the women’s movement in the United States, she spent five years conducting interviews with women across the country, charting white, middle-class women’s metamorphosis from the independent, career-minded New Woman of the 1920s and 1930s to the housewives of the postwar era who were expected to find total fulfillment as wives and mothers. Published in 1963, The Feminine Mystique hit a nerve, becoming an instant best-seller that continues to be regarded as one of the most influential nonfiction books of the 20th century, often credited with sparking the “second wave “of American feminism. In 1966, Friedan co-founded and was elected the first president of the National Organization for Women (NOW), which aimed to bring women into the mainstream of American society now [in] fully equal partnership with men. In 1970, after stepping down as NOW's first president, Friedan organized the nationwide Women’s Strike for Equality on August 26, the 50th anniversary of the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution granting women the right to vote. The national strike was successful beyond expectations in broadening the feminist movement; the march led by Friedan in New York City alone attracted over 50,000 people. In 1971, Friedan joined other leading feminists to establish the National Women’s Political Caucus. Friedan was also a strong supporter of the proposed Equal Rights Amendment to the United States Constitution that passed the United States House of Representatives (by a vote of 35 - 24) and Senate (84 - 8) following intense pressure by women’s groups led by NOW in the early 1970s. Following Congressional passage of the amendment, Friedan advocated for ratification of the amendment in the states and supported other women’s rights reforms. As more diverse voices emerged within the women’s movement, Friedan not only struggled to retain her leadership but was criticized by other feminists for focusing on issues facing primarily white, middle-class, educated, heterosexual women. Radical feminists also blasted Friedan for referring to lesbian women in the movement as the “lavender menace,” and for Friedan’s willingness to cooperate with men. Ever politically expedient, Friedan believed the only hope for change was by retaining the movement’s mainstream ties and veneer. This alienated her from younger, radical, and visionary feminists who were increasingly becoming the vanguard of the movement. Friedan nonetheless remained a visible, ardent, and important advocate for women’s rights. Sag Harbor Jewish Cemetery (AKA Independent Jewish Cemetery) ​ NY-114, Sag Harbor, NY 11963 Suffolk County Learn More

Nora Stanton Blatch Barney (1883–1971) Nora continued the legacy begun by her grandmother, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, and mother, Harriet Stanton Blatch. Nora was the first female to graduate from Cornell University with a civil engineering degree and the first woman admitted to the Society of American Civil Engineers. When she aged out of her junior member status, she sued to be a full member but was denied based on her gender. In 2015, she was given this status posthumously. Nora's first husband wanted her to give up her occupation to be a housewife. Although pregnant, she refused and they were divorced shortly after. These actions speak to her strong belief in women's rights. In 1915, Nora was elected president of the Women's Political Union began by her mother. This organization joined thousands of working women together in support of voting, equal pay and improved working conditions. In later years, she worked in support of the Equal Rights Amendment. Nora wrote articles promoting world peace until the time of her death. Woodlawn Cemetery ​ 4199 Webster Avenue, Bronx, NY 10470 Bronx County Learn More

Rhoda DeGarmo (1799–1873) Rhoda and her husband Elias were Quakers involved with the Farmington Quarterly meeting that in 1836 sought to make men's and women's meetings more equal. In 1842, she joined the WNY Anti-Slavery Society when it was founded and was active in its annual fairs to support the cause. The DeGarmos were neighbors of the Daniel and Lucy Anthony family in Gates, NY, and members of a group that met regularly on Sundays at the Anthony's farm to discuss reform issues. They were also active on the Underground Railroad, providing refuge for freedom seekers en route to Canada. In 1848, Rhoda was chosen as one of the organizers for the Adjourned Woman's Rights Convention held in Rochester that August two weeks after the Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls. It was she along with Amy Post and Sarah Fish who decided to nominate a woman, Abigail Bush, to preside at the convention in opposition to the opinion of Elizabeth C. Stanton and Lucretia Mott. Rhoda was selected as one of several vice-presidents of the NYS Woman's Temperance Society in 1852. In 1872, she was one of the women including Susan B. Anthony, who succeeded in both registering and casting their votes in Rochester. Mount Hope Cemetery NE 1/4, Range 2, Lot 152 1133 Mount Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620 Monroe County Learn More

Lillian D. Wald (1867–1940) Born to an affluent family in Cincinnati, OH and raised in Rochester, NY, Lillian was afforded many educational opportunities. Instead of marrying and continuing her comfortable lifestyle, she moved to New York City and entered the New York Hospital School of Nursing. Along with her colleague, Mary Brewster, she opened the Nurse's Settlement House on Henry Street in 1895—the start of public health nursing—offering sliding scale for payment to ensure everyone could access medical treatment. Lillian also supported the suffrage movement. She campaigned for the 1915 state referendum and was named an honorary chair of the New York State Women's Suffrage Party. A pacifist, Lillian encouraged President Wilson to mediate rather than enter World War I. She continued to support Democratic ideals and was a friend of Eleanor Roosevelt. Her last political campaign occurred in 1936 when she co chaired the Good Neighbor League. Lillian's work has had a lasting impact far beyond New York. Mount Hope Cemetery Range 3, Lot 34 Mount Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620 Monroe County Learn More

May Groot Manson (1859–1917) The wife of a stockbroker, May was a socialite in New York City and Eastern Long Island. She and her husband, Thomas Manson, supported the suffrage movement. May chaired the Executive Committee Women’s Suffrage League of East Hampton and later on led the Suffolk County organization. She organized a 1913 march in her town with Harriet Stanton Blatch as the keynote speaker. In 1915, May kicked off the Torch Relay Crusade, an auto rally from Montuak to Buffalo. She drove from Montauk to Nassau County, stopping along the route to give speeches to waiting crowds. Although May died before passage of the 19th Amendment, today a historical marker at her former East Hampton home honors of her contributions. Cedar Lawn Cemetery D 42 57–83 Cooper Lane, East Hampton, NY 11937 Suffolk County Learn More

Ella Hastings (1856–1924) Ella was an innovative thinker and social reformer. She served on the executive board of the New York State Federation of Women’s Clubs. In 1908, she led an effort to lobby the New York State legislature to pass a suffrage amendment to the New York State constitution. Ella was a member of the National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) and served on the Peace and Arbitration Committee. She was active in the New York State Woman Suffrage Association (NYSWSA) and served on their committees for legislation and education. She addressed the issue of child labor by founding the Society for the Study of Child Nature, an organization dedicated to gaining an understanding of child labor and its impact in childhood development and education. Following World War I, New York Governor Al Smith appointed Ella and five other women to a commission tasked with planning the reorganization of state government as it reconverted to peacetime. (Source: Alexander Street) Green-Wood Cemetery Section 174, Lot 19749 500 25th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11232 Kings County Learn More

Florence Gibb Pratt (1872–1935) Florence graduated from the Packer Collegiate Institute in Brooklyn in 1894. Florence Gibb Pratt and Helen Sherman Pratt were sisters-in-law and well-known members of the Glen Cove community. In addition to other philanthropic causes, they used their considerable wealth and political influence to work for women’s suffrage and help secure political equality for women. Florence and husband Herbert’s summer estate was called Braes. (It is now the home of Webb Institute of Naval Architecture). Helen and husband George’s summer estate was Killenworth. Their homes were right around the corner from each other and were often sites of parties, dances, and fundraisers – all to benefit suffrage. In December of 1917 Florence held the post of Treasurer of the Woman Suffrage Party of New York City, as well as Third Vice-Chairman of the Manhattan Borough. That same month she joined a group of delegates from New York State and traveled to Washington DC for the convention of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Pratt Cemetery (also known as Dosoris Cemetery) ​ Old Tappan Road, Lattingtown, NY 11560 Nassau County Learn More

Lucy Wooster Chapman (1875–1962) Lucy was an active member of the Political Equality Club of Glens Falls. In 1915, she was Fourth Ward supervisor helping to coordinate the canvassing of Glens Falls to ascertain how many men and women in the city were in favor of granting women the right to vote. This local canvass committee was part of the Empire State Campaign of the New York State Woman Suffrage Association. Glens Falls was in the 11th campaign district led by Katharine Notman. If you know more about Lucy Wooster Chapman, you can help us tell her story. Please use our Add a Suffragist form to submit your information. Pine View Cemetery ​ 21 Quaker Road, Queensbury, NY 12804 Warren County Learn More

Harriot Eaton Stanton Blatch (1856–1940) Harriot was the daughter of lawyer, abolitionist, and NYS Senator Henry Brewster Stanton and of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, one of the pre-eminent leaders in the women's rights movement. She was active in women's groups and social reform organizations in England, where she lived with her husband until 1902. Credited with revitalizing the American women's suffrage movement upon her return to New York, Harriot established the Equality League of Self-Supporting Women, later renamed the Women's Political Union (WPU). The WPU stressed the involvement of working women in the suffrage movement and connected women's rights with trade unionism. Under her leadership the WPU held many outside forums and organized the first of many suffrage parades in 1910. They also testified at legislative hearings, lobbied, and oversaw polling activities. Harriot was also active in other peace and social justice movements and was a strong advocate for legislation regarding workers' and children's rights. Woodlawn Cemetery Lake Plot Sec. 48 4199 Webster Avenue, Bronx, NY 10470 Bronx County Learn More

Mary Edwards Walker, MD (1832–1919) The only woman ever awarded the Medal of Honor—the US military's highest decoration—was a gender-queer Civil War surgeon named Dr. Mary Edwards Walker. Mary was a suffragist, a veteran and POW, and a talented doctor who challenged convention in every way. Turned down in her attempts to join the Union army, Mary volunteered at first. She finally got a contract, and proved able and unflappable—but still couldn't get a formal commission. The American Medical Association tried hard to block her, both with outright sexism and more veiled critique of her training in "eclectic" or what today we'd call alternative & homeopathic medicine. In the 1850s traditional medical schools wouldn't admit women, so the distinction between credentialing & sexism was a thin line. Dr. Mary was a committed suffragist who used her public profile to advance the cause. She is the first woman known to try and vote in New York, in her hometown of Oswego. It was 1867, early in what became known as the New Departure, a strategy of voting as civil disobedience. She campaigned for dress reform for decades, before and after the war and as a longtime officer of the Dress Reform Association. She was very close to Belva Lockwood, landmark lawyer and presidential candidate, and they worked together for suffrage through the 1870s. Dr. Mary's contributions to the movement were all but erased from the historical record by Stanton and Anthony, who were threatened by her and uncomfortable with her gender-bending. She was arrested repeatedly for her clothing, and charged with disorderly conduct and disturbing the peace in both New York City and Baltimore. At that point she was still wearing long hair and a mid-calf dress over pants. By the 1870s, Walker cut her hair short and wore unambiguously male clothing for the rest of her life. She sat for photos and had portraits painted in those years—in top hat & dinner jacket, Dr. Mary wanted to be seen clearly for who she was. There are two children's books about Dr. Walker: Mary Walker Wears the Pants and Mary Wears What She Wants. But the most fitting tribute is Washington DC's Whitman-Walker Clinic, named for Walt Whitman and Mary Walker. The clinic has been serving the health and well-being of LGBTQ in Washington for more than 40 years. (Biographical info from Dr. Mary Walker: An American Radical by Sharon Harris.) Bio by Rachel B. Tiven. Rural Cemetery ​ 242 Cemetery Road, Oswego, NY 13126 Oswego County Learn More

Huldah Mary Loomis (1886–1976) Huldah was born at Locust Grove, near Port Leyden, NY. She attended Syracuse University for 2 years and graduated from the University of Wisconsin. Later, she trained at the Cornell School of Nursing in New York City, eventually being employed as a registered private nurse. Huldah was very involved in the suffrage movement, serving as President of the local Equal Franchise League and a leader of the Port Leyden Woman’s Suffrage Club. She spoke at the Lewis County Suffrage Convention in 1915, providing a report on the club’s work. Locust Grove Cemetery ​ Route 12D, Port Leyden, NY 13433 Lewis County Learn More

Emily DuBois Butterworth (1859–1937) Emily was an active member of the suffrage movement. She won a first prize for the best parade hat from the Women's Political Union in 1913 and served as the treasurer of the Co-operative Service League for Woman Suffrage in New York City. She was arrested with two dozen other suffragists of the National Woman's Party on November 10, 1917 during a picketing of the White House. Charged with obstructing traffic, the women were tried and convicted. When Emily, like the others, refused to pay the fine, she was sentenced to thirty days in the Occoquan Workhouse. The arrival of this group of prisoners on November 14 precipitated the infamous Night of Terror. According to Inez Haynes Irwin's account, Emily, for some capricious reason, was taken away from the rest, and placed in a part of the jail where there were only men. They told her that she was alone with the men, and that they could do what they pleased with her. Her Night of Terror was doubly terrifying with this menace hanging over her. No doubt in part due to this harassment as well as the poor conditions, Emily, along with two others in poor health, was released early. Emily was involved in civic work in addition to suffrage work. She was a member of the Woman's Municipal League, which was an organization involved in improving the city of New York as well as providing charity for the poor and less fortunate. Married to an Englishman, Henry Butterworth, the couple lived in Manhattan with her companion, Cora Weeks, who was also a member in the suffrage movement. (Courtesy alexanderstreet.com) Woodlawn Cemetery Elm Plot, Section 38 4199 Webster Avenue, Bronx, NY 10470 Bronx County Learn More

Horace Greeley (1811–1872) Horace began his career as a printer's apprentice at the age of fourteen. After working for several newspapers, he founded the New York Tribune, a city newspaper which was highly regarded for its in depth stories and excellent writing. By 1860 its circulation had reached almost 288,000, and Horace enjoyed a national reputation as political savant, social crusader, moralist, and eccentric. The paper supported the Whig party and was emphatically anti-slavery. It shaped public opinion at the time. Horace was involved in Whig politics but was disappointed when they failed to support nominating him for office. He ran for president of the US as a "new liberal" Republican candidate but lost to US Grant. He died before the electoral college met; with a change in politics and society as well as a shift in how he was perceived by the public. At one point he was so abused that he was asked whether he was running for the presidency or the penitentiary. Horace's saying "Go West Young Man" is well known. Green-Wood Cemetery Section 35, Lot 2344 500 25th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11232 Kings County Learn More

Eleanor Vincent (1806–1886) Two years prior to the Seneca Falls convention, six women petitioned the New York State Constitutional Convention to grant women their God-given equal rights. Eleanor was one of those women. A 1997 publication by the University of Chicago Press, "1846 Petition for Women's Suffrage, New York State Constitutional Convention," provides the details that follow. "These women were neither prominent nor wealthy. Their level of education is unknown. Eleanor Vincent had ten children. Lydia Williams was married with five children. Susan Ormsby never married and lived with Lydia Osborn. Amy Ormsby was Susan's sister-in-law. Anna Bishop immigrated to the area from Connecticut and was about 56 years old. Their petition was simple and eloquent. They were seeking "rights which have been ungenerously been withheld from them, rights which they as citizens of the state of New York may reasonably and rightfully claim." Old Depauville Cemetery ​ NY-12, Depauville, NY 13656 Jefferson County Learn More

Mariane Willets Wright Chapman (1843–1907) In 1884, Mariane attended her first women's suffrage convention held by the Woman Suffrage Association of Brooklyn. At the time, Lucy Stone was president. Shortly after, Mariane became a member of the association and went on to become president herself. Later, from 1897 to 1902, Mariane was president of the New York State Woman's Suffrage Association. Throughout her time leading these organizations, Mariane was frequently in contact with other well-known activists such as Susan B. Anthony and Carrie Chapman Catt. Westbury Friends Cemetery ​ 550 Post Avenue, Westbury, NY 11590 Nassau County Learn More

Eva Francis Curtiss Tousey (1856–1934) From Rochester Times-Union, Tuesday, February 6, 1934: "Mrs. Tousey was born in Rochester more than 75 years ago and lived her entire life in this city and Pittsford. She was a member of the Irondequoit Chapter, Daughters of American Revolution; of the Rochester Colony of New England Women; Past Matrons Association of Northfield Chapter and was active in Reunion Group 8 School. For many years she taught 20th Century Women's Bible Class in the Presbyterian Church at Pittsford." Evan was a charter member of the Pittsford Political Equality Club, which was organized September 6, 1902 in Pittsford, NY. Pittsford Cemetery G 582 38 Washington Road, Pittsford, NY 14534 Monroe County Learn More

Susan Smith McKinney Steward (1846–1918) Susan was Brooklyn's first black woman physician (who also happened to be the third black physician in the whole country.) Dr. Kinney Steward had a very successful practice with locations in Brooklyn and Manhattan but for her, medicine was more than just treatment. It was a means by which she could further elevate and impact the community she loved and fight for racial inclusion and women's rights. During her life she founded clinics, clubs and suffragette groups. Susan fought daily against the convergence of racism, sexism and professionalization in order to have a great impact on Brooklyn. Green-Wood Cemetery Section 204, Lot 29541 500 25th Street, Brooklyn, NY 11232 Kings County Learn More